What is the function of IL 17?
Interleukin-17 (IL-17, also known as IL-17A) is a key cytokine that links T cell activation to neutrophil mobilization and activation. As such, IL-17 can mediate protective innate immunity to pathogens or contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.
What is the role of IL 18?
Produced mainly by antigen-presenting cells, IL-18 is a pleiotropic factor involved in the regulation of both innate and acquired immune responses, playing a key role in autoimmune, inflammatory, and infectious diseases.
What is Il 15Rα?
Interleukin (IL)-15 and its specific receptor chain, IL-15Rα, support the development of various effector cells, including NK and CD8 T cells via a mechanism called trans-presentation.
How is IL-17 produced?
IL-17 is believed to be mainly produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, a unique helper T-cell subset different from Th1 and Th2 cells. Other subsets of T cells such as γδT and natural killer T (NKT) cells have also been found to produce IL-17 in response to innate stimuli.
What is the role of IL 22?
Innate Immune Response. Like other cytokines, IL-22 plays pivotal role in generating innate immune response against various infections. These responses involve in maintaining homeostasis at epithelial surface, recruitment of other immune cells by provoking inflammation and mucus production against pathogens (Figure 2).
What is the function of IL 4?
IL-4 has an important role in regulating antibody production, hematopoiesis and inflammation, and the development of effector T-cell responses. It is produced only by a subset of activated hematopoietic cells, including T cells and Fc epsilon R1+ mast cells and basophils.
How is interleukin 18 measured?
The ELISA measures the concentration of human or mouse IL-18. Using a combination of monoclonal antibodies against human or mouse IL-18, the proform and/or mature form of IL-18 can be detected by ELISA.
What is IL-2 a marker of?
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, a type of cytokine signaling molecule in the immune system. It is a 15.5–16 kDa protein that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity.
What is the role of IL-1?
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokines are key signaling molecules in both the innate and adaptive immune systems, mediating inflammation in response to a wide range of stimuli. The basic mechanism of signal initiation is a stepwise process in which an agonist cytokine binds its cognate receptor.
What produces IL-15?
Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a cytokine that is produced by monocytes. It is an activator of T lymphocytes and a stimulator of natural killer cell proliferation and activation. Furthermore, IL-15 induces cytokine production by monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells and stimulates the antimicrobial activity of phagocytes.
What induces IL-15?
IL-15 is secreted by mononuclear phagocytes (and some other cells) following infection by virus(es). This cytokine induces the proliferation of natural killer cells, i.e. cells of the innate immune system whose principal role is to kill virally infected cells.
What is IL-15 signaling and why is it important?
IL-15 signaling is essential for normal immune system functions. It stimulates T cell proliferation and inhibits IL-2-mediated activation-induced cell death.
What is the difference between IL-2 and IL-15?
Unlike IL-2, IL-15 binds with high affinity to IL-15 R alpha, which then associates with a complex composed of the IL-2/IL-15 R beta and common gamma-chain/IL-2 R gamma subunits, expressed either on the same cell (cis-presentation) or on a different cell (trans-presentation). IL-15 signaling is essential for normal immune system functions.
What type of cells express IL-15?
IL-15 is constitutively expressed by a large number of cell types and tissues, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells ( DC ), keratinocytes, fibroblasts, myocyte and nerve cells. As a pleiotropic cytokine, it plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity. Figure 1.
What is IL-15 superagonist complex?
It is referred to as IL-15 SA. A second IL-15 superagonist complex called ALT-803 is offered by Altor BioScience. IL-15 SA is currently being evaluated for antiviral and anticancer activities, in addition to enhancing immunotherapy and vaccination. One potential shortcoming of IL-15 SA was its enhancement of septic shock in mice.