How does T4 bacteriophage replicate?
Bacteriophage T4 initiates DNA replication from specialized structures that form in its genome. Immediately after infection, RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) occur on (at least some) replication origins, with the annealed RNA serving as a primer for leading-strand synthesis in one direction.
Is T4 phage lytic or lysogenic?
T4 is capable of undergoing only a lytic lifecycle and not the lysogenic lifecycle. The T4 Phage initiates an E. coli infection by recognizing cell surface receptors of the host with its long tail fibers (LTF).
Is T4 a lytic bacteriophage?
Escherichia virus T4 is a species of bacteriophages that infect Escherichia coli bacteria. It is a double-stranded DNA virus in the subfamily Tevenvirinae from the family Myoviridae. T4 is capable of undergoing only a lytic lifecycle and not the lysogenic lifecycle.
Does T4 phage have a segmented genome?
A few of the HPR genes that can be assigned putative functions, such as a series of novel Internal Proteins, are implicated in phage adaptation to the host. Thus, the T4-like genome appears to be partitioned into discrete segments that fulfil different functions and behave differently in evolution.
What happens in the lytic cycle?
The lytic cycle involves the reproduction of viruses using a host cell to manufacture more viruses; the viruses then burst out of the cell. The lysogenic cycle involves the incorporation of the viral genome into the host cell genome, infecting it from within.
How do bacteriophages replicate?
During a lytic replication cycle, a phage attaches to a susceptible host bacterium, introduces its genome into the host cell cytoplasm, and utilizes the ribosomes of the host to manufacture its proteins.
What are the steps of the lytic cycle of a T4 phage?
The lytic cycle, which is also referred to as the “reproductive cycle” of the bacteriophage, is a six-stage cycle. The six stages are: attachment, penetration, transcription, biosynthesis, maturation, and lysis.
What are the features of T4 bacteriophage?
Bacteriophage T4 consists of a head for protecting its genome and a sheathed tail for inserting its genome into a host. The tail terminates with a multiprotein baseplate that changes its conformation from a “high-energy” dome-shaped to a “low-energy” star-shaped structure during infection.
How many genes are in T4 bacteriophage?
300 gene products
Phage T4 has provided countless contributions to the paradigms of genetics and biochemistry. Its complete genome sequence of 168,903 bp encodes about 300 gene products.
What is true about structure of T4 bacteriophage?
Bacteriophage T4 is classified as a member in the Myoviridae family of the Caudovirales order because it has a contractile tail. The head, the tail and the long tail fibers (LTFs) of T4 are assembled independently before they are joined together to produce a mature phage (Figure 1).
What are the steps of the lytic cycle of a t4 phage?
What is lytic replication?
What is the genome of bacteriophage T4?
Bacteriophage T4 genome Phage T4 has provided countless contributions to the paradigms of genetics and biochemistry. Its complete genome sequence of 168,903 bp encodes about 300 gene products. T4 biology and its genomic sequence provide the best-understood model for modern functional genomics and proteomics.
Where is DNA replication initiated in bacteriophage T4?
Semiconservative DNA replication is initiated at a single site in recombination-deficient gene 32 mutants of bacteriophage T4. J. Virol. 40:890-900.
How long does the lytic cycle of phage T4 take?
Figure 10.9 The lytic cycle of phage T4. The cycle comprises the five main stages described in the text; from injection of phage of DNA to cell lysis takes 22 minutes. The number of phage particles released per cell is called the burst size, and for T4 it ranges from 50 to 200.
How do bacteriophage T4 and gene 32 proteins affect RNA primer synthesis?
Effects of the bacteriophage T4 gene 41 and gene 32 proteins on RNA primer synthesis: coupling of leading- and lagging-strand DNA synthesis at a replication fork. Biochemistry 29:1791-1798.