In some occasions, you will have to write an essay in the extremely short amount of time on the exam in college or high school. Also, you may be a little bit of a procrastinator, and find yourself in a situation when the paper is due tomorrow morning, and you have not even chosen the topic yet. Even though a last-minute essay cannot look as great as a work prepared successively and carefully within the whole time given, you still have a chance to submit a decent paper. The working process will require your full attention and a lot of effort, even if you are assigned a simple essay. However, if you learn the next few tips, the essay writing will seem significantly easier and feasible even when you are short on time.

Firstly, clean up your working space to get started. Make sure you have everything you need on the table, take a pen, a few sticky notes, your laptop, and read through the assignment requirements. In case no prompt is given, search for good essay topics, and pick a few uncommon and interesting ones you will be able to write about. Making a final choice, think which topic is the most relevant to your current studies and will not take too much to research.

Afterwards, look for the most trustworthy sources or the ones you are certainly allowed to use. If you are not sure, access the online library or any free services where you can look for the books and articles for your essay. Use sticky notes to write down the information and put them in front of you to see how much data has been gathered and if you need to continue researching. Reread these notes from time to time and cross out the info you do not find relevant anymore.

When you have the data you need to produce a quality work, it is crucial to think about the structure of the future paper. If you are not sure how to write an essay outline properly, check what your essay type is first. Each type is organized differently, so you need to look up the structure every time you are given an essay homework. You can also search for an example of the essay on your topic, and adhere to its outline. No matter what kind of essay you are going to write, it is important to start with a thesis statement. It should declare what problem you will review in the paper, and which facts or arguments you will use to do it professionally. As these arguments will be discussed in the main part of the essay, outline the body paragraphs and put down a few sentences with the rough description of each paragraph. Think of the way you will engage the reader in the introduction, and which thought will be conclusive for the paper. When the direction of the work is clear from the outline, use it to draft the first version of the essay.

If you are not used to model essay writing, do not worry - your draft should not necessarily look like a masterpiece. It is only the depiction of your thoughts, and as you will have them written down, it will be easier to create a good essay. There is no best way to write an essay, so trust the working methods you usually use. You may like taking short breaks once in a few minutes, or write everything in one sit - just make sure to keep the focus on writing and avoid the urge to call a friend or watch something online. Thus, you will finish the paper faster, and will not feel guilty for engaging in other activities afterwards.

Do not forget to go through the essay a few times after the completion. Everyone makes typos and mistakes by accident, but it is about you to find and fix them before your teacher does. If you need help with an essay editing, try asking a friend or a family member to read and analyze your work. Also, you can order editing services in case your paper needs to be perfectly polished so that you can submit an ideal essay and get an excellent grade.

As these steps are simple to follow, you will not have any problems coping with an essay on time. Try the whole procedure at least once, and you will not have to use any other tips preparing an essay paper during your studies!

Is 16-QAM better than QPSK?

The primitive difference between the QAM and QPSK is that the spectral width of QAM is narrower than the QPSK. Furthermore, the BER (Bit Error Rate) of the QAM is higher than the QPSK….Comparison Chart.

Basis for comparison QAM QPSK
Performance Average Better
Bit error rate High Low

Can we say that 256 QAM is better than 16-QAM in terms of bandwidth efficiency?

As the level increases, QAM technique becomes more bandwidth efficient but it requires very robust algorithms in order to decode complex symbols to bits at receiver. For example 256-QAM is complex than 16-QAM. QAM is more bandwidth efficient compare to BPSK but it is less robust.

How many phases are there in 16 QAM?

Thus a 16-QAM system (N = 4) is one for which the (microwave) carrier is modulated into any one of 16 different amplitude and phase states [5], [6], while the carrier of a 64-QAM system (N = 6) has 64 different amplitude and phase states.

What is the difference between 16 PSK and 16 QAM?

More the distance between the constellation, lesser is the chance of a constellation point getting decoded incorrectly. This implies that for the same symbol error rate, 16QAM modulation requires only 4.19dB lesser signal to noise ratio , when compared with 16PSK modulation.

What are advantages of 16QAM?

The advantages of QAM are higher data rates, high noise immunity, low probability of error values, and increased bandwidth.

How many different symbols are possible at the output of a 16QAM modulator?

Each dot in Figure 1.8 is a symbol, as it represents a unique combination of amplitude and phase of the I and Q waves. So, in each symbol period, only one of the ‘dots’ is transmitted. As there are 16 symbols, this version of QAM is called 16-QAM. Figure 1.8 Constellation diagram for 16-QAM.

Is QAM and QPSK same?

QPSK is a specific symbol set (of the PSK family, where all symbols lie on the unit circle) that uses 4 symbols. QAM is the family of symbol sets where the symbols all lie on straight lines that form a square.

What is difference between QAM and QPSK modulation?

With 6×6 antenna configurations, QPSK has the lowest BER while 2×2 QAM has highest BER during simulation. QAM utilise both amplitude and phase variations. Although QAM is widely used in wireless communication system in terms of data carrying capacity, but QAM is more susceptible to noise compare to QPSK.

Is there a low-complexity soft demapper for 256 QAM?

proposed a low-complexity soft demapper for 256 QAM. Sim- MAP demapper. I. I NTRODUCTION lation are adopted in long term evolution (L TE) system.

What is a simplified soft output demapper for COFDM?

As described in the paper, Simplified Soft-Output Demapper for Binary Interleaved COFDM with Application to HIPERLAN/2, Filippo Tosato1, Paola Bisaglia, HPL-2001-246 October 10th , 2001, the term This simplification avoids the need for having a threshold check in the receiver for sofbits b0 and b2 respectively.

What is the channel for 16QAM modulation?

The channel is assumed to be AWGN alone. In the past, we had discussed BER for 16QAM in AWGN modulation. The 4 bits in each constellation point can be considered as two bits each on independent 4-PAM modulation on I-axis and Q-axis respectively.

How many bits are there in 16QAM?

As we discussed in the previous post on Binary to Gray code for 16QAM, the 4 bits in each constellation point can be considered as two bits each on independent 4-PAM modulation on I-axis and Q-axis respectively. b0b1 I b2b3 Q