What are the elements of scientific reasoning according to Hempel?
According to the Deductive-Nomological Model, a scientific explanation consists of two major “constituents”: an explanandum, which is a sentence “describing the phenomenon to be explained” and an explanans, “the class of those sentences which are adduced to account for the phenomenon” (Hempel & Oppenheim 1948 [1965: …
What is hempels D-N model of explanation?
Hempel’s D-N model of explanation operates under the premise that an explanation is an. argument in which the thing to be explained (the explanandum) is to be subsumed under one. or more general laws.
Is Hempel a positivist?
One of the leading members of logical positivism, he was born in Oranienburg, Germany, in 1905.
What are the two models of explanation?
Carl Gustav Hempel ‘s (1905-1997) classic account of explanation is widely known as the “covering-law model.” It includes two species: the Deductive-Nomological Explanation and the Probabilistic-Statistical Expla- nation.
Was Hempel a logical empiricist?
Carl Gustav “Peter” Hempel (January 8, 1905 – November 9, 1997) was a German writer, philosopher, logician, and epistemologist. He was a major figure in logical empiricism, a 20th-century movement in the philosophy of science.
What is Popper’s concept of falsifiability about?
The Falsification Principle, proposed by Karl Popper, is a way of demarcating science from non-science. It suggests that for a theory to be considered scientific it must be able to be tested and conceivably proven false. For example, the hypothesis that “all swans are white,” can be falsified by observing a black swan.
What is Explanandum philosophy?
Definition of explanandum : a word or an expression whose meaning is to be explained —used chiefly in philosophy —contrasted with explanans.
What is Hempel’s covering-law?
The covering-law model of explanation is drawn from the natural sciences, and Hempel believed that if historical knowledge was cognitive knowledge at all it had to conform to the paradigm of explanation provided by those sciences.
How does Popper’s views differ from Kuhn’s?
Kuhn focused on what science is rather than on what it should be; he had a much more realistic, hard-nosed, psychologically accurate view of science than Popper did. Popper believed that science can never end, because all knowledge is always subject to falsification or revision.
How would you describe the research process based on Karl Popper’s view?
According to Karl Popper research process is based on scientific theory which might be justifiably secured from falsification by the beginning of supporting hypothesis which permit for the creation of original falsifiable and the prediction (Trzyna, 2017).
What is the difference between explanandum and explanans?
An explanandum (a Latin term) is a sentence describing a phenomenon that is to be explained, and the explanans are the sentences adduced as explanations of that phenomenon.
What is the meaning of explanans?
Definition of explanans : the meaning of a word or an expression —used chiefly in philosophy —contrasted with explanandum.