What are the Kurgan and Anatolian hearth theories?
The Kurgan theory centres on possible archaeological evidence for an expansion into Europe and the Near East by Kurgan horsemen beginning in the sixth millennium BP. In contrast, the Anatolian theory claims that Indo-European languages expanded with the spread of agriculture from Anatolia around 8,000-9,500 years bp.
What did Renfrew suggest in the agricultural theory of language diffusion?
This theory was proposed by British scholar Colin Renfrew on the diffusion of Proto-Indo-European and agriculture that states that three areas in and near the first agricultural hearth, the Fertile Crescent, that each gave rise to a major language family.
What is the Kurgan hearth theory?
The Kurgan hypothesis (also known as the Kurgan theory or Kurgan model) or Steppe theory is the most widely accepted proposal to identify the Proto-Indo-European homeland from which the Indo-European languages spread out throughout Europe and parts of Asia.
What does Anatolian hypothesis mean in AP Human Geography?
Anatolian Hypothesis. proposes that the dispersal of Proto-Indo-Europeans originated in Neolithic Anatolia. Creole. a person of mixed black or European descent, especially in the Caribbean.
Who developed the Anatolian theory?
Marija Gimbutas
Renfrew’s revised views place only Pre-Proto-Indo-European in the 7th millennium BC in Anatolia, proposing as the homeland of Proto-Indo-European proper the Balkans around 5000 BC, which he explicitly identified as the “Old European culture”, proposed by Marija Gimbutas.
How did the Kurgan theory spread?
In contrast to the Anatolian hypothesis, which defends that the diversification of PIE occurred some 8,500 years ago, when the first farmers from the Near East (currently Turkey) brought it to Europe, there is the Kurgan hypothesis, which proposes that the language was spread by nomadic herders of the steppes found to …
What is the Indo-European Anatolian hearth thesis?
The Anatolian hypothesis suggests that the speakers of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) lived in Anatolia during the Neolithic era, and it associates the distribution of historical Indo-European languages with the expansion during the Neolithic revolution of the 7th and the 6th millennia BC.
What is the conquest theory of language diffusion?
Conquest Theory. One major theory of how Proto-Indo-European language diffused into Europe which holds that the early speakers spread westward on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabitants and beginning the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-European tongues.
What are the 2 theories of language diffusion?
Colin Renfrew was a British scholar that proposed that there were three cultural hearths from the “Agricultural Theory.” The source for a “superfamily” of language was found through language diffusion, theories of languages, and Colin Renfrew’s ideas off of the “Agricultural Theory.” Language diffusion has played a …
Where is Anatolia?
Turkey
Where is Anatolia located? Anatolia, also called Asia Minor, is the peninsula of land that today constitutes the Asian portion of Turkey.
What did Colin Renfrew Do?
He developed the Anatolian hypothesis, which argues that Proto-Indo-European, the reconstructed ancestor of the Indo-European languages, originated approximately 9,000 years ago in Anatolia and moved with the spread of farming throughout the Mediterranean and into central and northern Europe.
What did Renfrew propose as the catalyst for the diffusion of the Proto-Indo-European language?
The Anatolian hypothesis
The Anatolian hypothesis, also known as the Anatolian theory or the sedentary farmer theory, first developed by British archaeologist Colin Renfrew in 1987, proposes that the dispersal of Proto-Indo-Europeans originated in Neolithic Anatolia.