What is co-translational protein sorting?
Co-translational translocation of nascent polypeptides requires targeting of translating ribosomes to subcellular membranes such as the endoplasmic reticulum, reviewed in [12], the mitochondrial outer membrane [13] and the thylakoid membranes of chloroplast (see below) in eukaryotic cells or the inner membrane of …
What does cotranslational mean?
cotranslational (not comparable) (biology) Occurring at the same time as the translation stage of protein synthesis.
Where does cotranslational sorting occur?
Cotranslational integration and initial sorting at the endoplasmic reticulum translocon of proteins destined for the inner nuclear membrane.
What are the 3 types of protein sorting?
There are three major sites of protein sorting in the exocytic and endocytic pathways: the Golgi complex, the plasma membrane and endosomes (FIG. 1). At each site, proteins can be sorted into separate vesicle carriers on the basis of intrinsic sorting signals and the cellular machineries that recognize those signals.
What is cotranslational translocation of protein?
Cotranslational translocation occurs when membrane-bound ribosomes insert growing nascent polypeptide chains directly into an ER translocation pore. The targeting of cytoplasmic ribosomes translating signal sequence-containing polypeptides to the ER is mediated by the signal recognition particle (SRP).
What is the difference between cotranslational and posttranslational translocation?
During cotranslational translocation, the ribosome provides the motive power that pushes the growing peptide into the ER lumen. During posttranslational translocation, additional proteins are necessary to ensure that the peptide moves unidirectionally into the ER membrane.
What is Cotranslational protein folding?
Co-translational protein folding is an essential process by which cells ensure the safe and efficient production and assembly of new proteins in their functional native states following biosynthesis on the ribosome.
What is the difference between Cotranslational and posttranslational translocation?
What is cotranslational transport?
What is cotranslational insertion?
During the cotranslational integration of a nascent protein into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, the transmembrane (TM) sequence moves out of an aqueous pore formed by Sec61α, TRAM, and other proteins and into the nonpolar lipid bilayer.
What is cotranslational translocation?
What is cotranslational pathway?
The co-translational pathway utilizes the signal recognition particle (SRP) to deliver secretory proteins to the ER membrane while they are still being synthesized by ribosomes [1] (Fig. 1).