What is subacute toxicity studies?
Subacute toxicity studies are conducted to evaluate a new drug’s potential adverse effects following a treatment period of 2–4 weeks’ duration. Subacute toxicity studies are conducted as range-finding studies in order to choose dosage levels to be used in subsequent subchronic and chronic toxicity studies.
What is the difference between acute and chronic toxicity studies?
Acute toxicity tests are short-term tests that measure the effects of exposure to relatively high concentrations of chemicals. Chronic toxicity tests generally are longer-term tests that measure the effects of exposure to relatively lower, less toxic concentrations.
What are different types of toxicity studies?
Types of Toxicology Studies
- Systemic toxicology studies. Single-dose studies. Repeated-dose studies.
- Reproductive toxicology studies. Male fertility studies. Female reproduction and developmental toxicology studies.
- Local toxicology studies.
- Hypersensitivity studies.
- Genotoxicity studies.
- Carcinogenicity studies.
What are the two types of toxicity measurement test?
Many toxicity tests examine specific types of adverse effects, known as endpoints, such as eye irritation or cancer. Other tests are more general in nature, ranging from acute (single-exposure) studies to repeat dose (multiple-exposure) studies, in which animals are administered daily doses of a test substance.
What does acute and subacute mean?
Acute is defined as less than 1 month of symptoms, whereas subacute refers to more than 1 month of symptoms but less than 3 months.
What is acute toxicity?
Acute toxicity refers to those adverse effects occurring following oral or dermal administration of a single dose of a substance, or multiple doses given within 24 hours, or an inhalation exposure of 4 hours.
What are the two types of toxicity?
The two types of toxicity are acute and chronic. Acute toxicity of a pesticide refers to the chemical’s ability to cause injury to a person or animal from a single exposure, generally of short duration. The four routes of exposure are dermal (skin), inhalation (lungs), oral (mouth), and eyes.
What is subacute toxicity examples?
Subacute toxicity (repeat dose toxicity) focuses on adverse effects occurring after administration of a single dose or multiple doses of a test sample per day given during a period of from 14 to 28 days.
What is acute toxicity test?
Acute toxicity testing requires test materials to be given to animals for a finite but short period of time, usually as a single exposure. A test material can be administered by various routes to determine its ability to induce toxicity, including oral, dermal, and inhalation exposures.
What is meaning of subacute?
Definition of subacute 1 : having a tapered but not sharply pointed form subacute leaves. 2a : falling between acute and chronic in character especially when closer to acute subacute endocarditis. b : less marked in severity or duration than a corresponding acute state subacute pain.
Which comes first acute or subacute?
The care of acute (and recurring acute) injuries is often divided into 3 stages with general time frames: acute (0–4 days), subacute (5–14 days), and postacute (after 14 days).
What is an example of acute toxicity?
Acute toxicity is generally thought of as a single, short-term exposure where effects appear immediately and are often reversible. An example of acute toxicity relates to the over consumption of alcohol and “hangovers”.
What is an acute toxicity study?
14. Acute toxicity studies • The Globally Harmonised Society (GHS) defines acute toxicity as “ those adverse effects occurring following oral or dermal administration of a single dose of a substance, or multiple doses given within 24hrs, or an inhalational exposure given for 4 hours” 15.
What is the duration of subacute toxicity studies?
Sub acute toxicity studies Duration 14 days to 90 days Test System/Animal System 2 species required. Mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs. Dose Administration 3 to 4 doses given by the same routes as previous toxicity
How do you select doses for sub acute toxicity studies?
• Doses are generally selected on the basis of information obtained in acute toxicity studies using both LD50 and the slope of the dose response curve. •The duration of sub acute toxicity studies depend on intended duration of the test substance. 16.
What is the acutetoxic class method?
AcuteToxic Class method (OECDTG 423) •Three animals are used for each step. The dose level to be used as the starting dose is selected from one of four fixed levels, 5, 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight. • The starting dose level should be that which is most likely to produce mortality in some of the dosed animals.