In some occasions, you will have to write an essay in the extremely short amount of time on the exam in college or high school. Also, you may be a little bit of a procrastinator, and find yourself in a situation when the paper is due tomorrow morning, and you have not even chosen the topic yet. Even though a last-minute essay cannot look as great as a work prepared successively and carefully within the whole time given, you still have a chance to submit a decent paper. The working process will require your full attention and a lot of effort, even if you are assigned a simple essay. However, if you learn the next few tips, the essay writing will seem significantly easier and feasible even when you are short on time.

Firstly, clean up your working space to get started. Make sure you have everything you need on the table, take a pen, a few sticky notes, your laptop, and read through the assignment requirements. In case no prompt is given, search for good essay topics, and pick a few uncommon and interesting ones you will be able to write about. Making a final choice, think which topic is the most relevant to your current studies and will not take too much to research.

Afterwards, look for the most trustworthy sources or the ones you are certainly allowed to use. If you are not sure, access the online library or any free services where you can look for the books and articles for your essay. Use sticky notes to write down the information and put them in front of you to see how much data has been gathered and if you need to continue researching. Reread these notes from time to time and cross out the info you do not find relevant anymore.

When you have the data you need to produce a quality work, it is crucial to think about the structure of the future paper. If you are not sure how to write an essay outline properly, check what your essay type is first. Each type is organized differently, so you need to look up the structure every time you are given an essay homework. You can also search for an example of the essay on your topic, and adhere to its outline. No matter what kind of essay you are going to write, it is important to start with a thesis statement. It should declare what problem you will review in the paper, and which facts or arguments you will use to do it professionally. As these arguments will be discussed in the main part of the essay, outline the body paragraphs and put down a few sentences with the rough description of each paragraph. Think of the way you will engage the reader in the introduction, and which thought will be conclusive for the paper. When the direction of the work is clear from the outline, use it to draft the first version of the essay.

If you are not used to model essay writing, do not worry - your draft should not necessarily look like a masterpiece. It is only the depiction of your thoughts, and as you will have them written down, it will be easier to create a good essay. There is no best way to write an essay, so trust the working methods you usually use. You may like taking short breaks once in a few minutes, or write everything in one sit - just make sure to keep the focus on writing and avoid the urge to call a friend or watch something online. Thus, you will finish the paper faster, and will not feel guilty for engaging in other activities afterwards.

Do not forget to go through the essay a few times after the completion. Everyone makes typos and mistakes by accident, but it is about you to find and fix them before your teacher does. If you need help with an essay editing, try asking a friend or a family member to read and analyze your work. Also, you can order editing services in case your paper needs to be perfectly polished so that you can submit an ideal essay and get an excellent grade.

As these steps are simple to follow, you will not have any problems coping with an essay on time. Try the whole procedure at least once, and you will not have to use any other tips preparing an essay paper during your studies!

What is the bandwidth of QPSK?

QPSK transmits two bits per symbol, so the bit rate for QPSK is 2T. It follows that QPSK can transmit 2 bits per Hz of bandwidth at baseband, and 1 bit per Hz at passband.

Which has higher bandwidth MSK or QPSK?

The MSK decay reflects the fact that there are no discontinuities in the transmitted signal. For MSK, the transmission bandwidth, which contains 99% of the total power, is less 20% higher than the bit rate < 1.2 T b , while QPSK/OQPSK has a bandwidth that is a bit more than eight times the bit rate > 8 T b .

What is QPSK modulator?

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is a form of Phase Shift Keying in which two bits are modulated at once, selecting one of four possible carrier phase shifts (0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees). QPSK allows the signal to carry twice as much information as ordinary PSK using the same bandwidth.

How is the bandwidth of OQPSK related to QPSK?

The bandwidth of OQPSK is _______ to QPSK. Explanation: The spectrum of an OQPSK signal is identical to that of QPSK signal. Hence, both signals occupy the same bandwidth. The staggered alignment of the even and odd bit streams in OQPSK signal does not change the nature of spectrum.

How is QPSK bandwidth calculated?

So what you might be able to calculate is the total symbol rate, given that each symbol carries 6 bits worth of data. But the channel width is predetermined. In theory, bandwidth is related to data rate by: 1) Nyquist formula: data rate = 2 * bandwidth * log2 (M) ; where M is the modulation level (eg., M=4 for QPSK ).

What is the bandwidth of PSK?

The theoretical bandwidth efficiency of PSK systems is 1bps/Hz.

Which technique occupies maximum bandwidth?

Explanation: Of all the modulation showed, QAM is the most bandwidth efficient one.

Which is better BPSK or QPSK?

With BPSK, higher distance coverage can be achieved from the base station cellular cell or fixed station to the mobile subscribers compare to QPSK. QPSK has advantages of having double data rate compare to BPSK. This is due to support of two bits per carrier in QPSK compare to one bit per carrier in the case of BPSK.

Why QPSK system requires half of the bandwidth of the corresponding BPSK system?

This is due to support of two bits per carrier in QPSK compare to one bit per carrier in the case of BPSK. Figure-2 mention difference between power spectral density of BPSK and QPSK modulated spectrum.

What is the bandwidth of M ary PSK?

An M-level PSK modulation scheme is used to transmit independent binary digits over a band-pass channel with bandwidth 100 KHz. The bit rate is 200 kbps and the system characteristic is a raised-cosine spectrum with 100% excess bandwidth.

How is bandwidth calculated on ASK?

An ASK signal requires a bandwidth equal to its baud rate. Therefore, the bandwidth is 2000 Hz. In ASK the baud rate is the same as the bandwidth, which means the baud rate is 5000. But because the baud rate and the bit rate are also the same for ASK, the bit rate is 5000 bit/s.

How do you calculate bandwidth?

Procedure

  1. To calculate the required network bandwidth, determine the following information: Total amount of data (TD) to be replicated, in gigabytes.
  2. Calculate the bandwidth required by using the following formula: (TD * (100 / DR) * 8192) / (RWT * 3600) = Required_Network_Bandwidth (Mbps/second)

What is the minimum required bandwidth for QPSK and BPSK?

In pass-band communication, the minimum required bandwidth for a transmission rate of Rs symbol/s is Rs (assuming rectangular pulse shape). In BPSK the symbol rate is the same as the bit rate, i.e.: Rs=Rb. So, the minimum required bandwidth for BPSK is WB=Rb. For QPSK, Rs=Rb/2, so WQ=Rb/2.

What is QPSK modulation?

QPSK Modulation Applications • Similar to BPSK, QPSK is used in various cellular wireless standards such as GSM, CDMA, LTE, 802.11 WLAN, 802.16 fixed and mobile WiMAX, Satellite and CABLE TV applications. • As difference between any two constellation point is 90 degree maximum, QPSK modulation type has many benefits.

What is the difference between baseband and QPSK?

The baseband signal has a certain frequency, and during each symbol period, one bit can be transmitted. A QPSK system can use a baseband signal of the same frequency, yet it transmits two bits during each symbol period. Thus, its bandwidth efficiency is (ideally) higher by a factor of two.

What is the KMOD of QPSK?

For most of the systems KMOD is 0.707 As mentioned this output of 0.707+j*0.707 is called as symbol which represent two binary information digits. • Similar to BPSK, QPSK is used in various cellular wireless standards such as GSM, CDMA, LTE, 802.11 WLAN, 802.16 fixed and mobile WiMAX, Satellite and CABLE TV applications.