In some occasions, you will have to write an essay in the extremely short amount of time on the exam in college or high school. Also, you may be a little bit of a procrastinator, and find yourself in a situation when the paper is due tomorrow morning, and you have not even chosen the topic yet. Even though a last-minute essay cannot look as great as a work prepared successively and carefully within the whole time given, you still have a chance to submit a decent paper. The working process will require your full attention and a lot of effort, even if you are assigned a simple essay. However, if you learn the next few tips, the essay writing will seem significantly easier and feasible even when you are short on time.

Firstly, clean up your working space to get started. Make sure you have everything you need on the table, take a pen, a few sticky notes, your laptop, and read through the assignment requirements. In case no prompt is given, search for good essay topics, and pick a few uncommon and interesting ones you will be able to write about. Making a final choice, think which topic is the most relevant to your current studies and will not take too much to research.

Afterwards, look for the most trustworthy sources or the ones you are certainly allowed to use. If you are not sure, access the online library or any free services where you can look for the books and articles for your essay. Use sticky notes to write down the information and put them in front of you to see how much data has been gathered and if you need to continue researching. Reread these notes from time to time and cross out the info you do not find relevant anymore.

When you have the data you need to produce a quality work, it is crucial to think about the structure of the future paper. If you are not sure how to write an essay outline properly, check what your essay type is first. Each type is organized differently, so you need to look up the structure every time you are given an essay homework. You can also search for an example of the essay on your topic, and adhere to its outline. No matter what kind of essay you are going to write, it is important to start with a thesis statement. It should declare what problem you will review in the paper, and which facts or arguments you will use to do it professionally. As these arguments will be discussed in the main part of the essay, outline the body paragraphs and put down a few sentences with the rough description of each paragraph. Think of the way you will engage the reader in the introduction, and which thought will be conclusive for the paper. When the direction of the work is clear from the outline, use it to draft the first version of the essay.

If you are not used to model essay writing, do not worry - your draft should not necessarily look like a masterpiece. It is only the depiction of your thoughts, and as you will have them written down, it will be easier to create a good essay. There is no best way to write an essay, so trust the working methods you usually use. You may like taking short breaks once in a few minutes, or write everything in one sit - just make sure to keep the focus on writing and avoid the urge to call a friend or watch something online. Thus, you will finish the paper faster, and will not feel guilty for engaging in other activities afterwards.

Do not forget to go through the essay a few times after the completion. Everyone makes typos and mistakes by accident, but it is about you to find and fix them before your teacher does. If you need help with an essay editing, try asking a friend or a family member to read and analyze your work. Also, you can order editing services in case your paper needs to be perfectly polished so that you can submit an ideal essay and get an excellent grade.

As these steps are simple to follow, you will not have any problems coping with an essay on time. Try the whole procedure at least once, and you will not have to use any other tips preparing an essay paper during your studies!

What is the mode of action of methotrexate?

Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, preventing the reduction of dihydrobiopterin (BH2) to tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), leading to nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and increased sensitivity of T cells to apoptosis, thereby diminishing immune responses.

What is the target of methotrexate?

Methotrexate binds to and inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, resulting in inhibition of purine nucleotide and thymidylate synthesis and, subsequently, inhibition of DNA and RNA syntheses.

What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis?

Currently, adenosine signaling is probably the most widely accepted explanation for the methotrexate mechanism in RA given that methotrexate increases adenosine levels and on engagement of adenosine with its extracellular receptors an intracellular cascade is activated promoting an overall anti-inflammatory state.

What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate what part of the cell cycle does methotrexate impact?

Methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolite drug that inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby preventing the conversion of folic acid into tetrahydrofolate, and inhibiting DNA synthesis in the S-phase of the cell cycle (Newton, 2006a).

What are the pharmacodynamics of methotrexate?

The mechanisms of action of methotrexate are complex. Developed as a folic acid analogue, methotrexate inhibits purine and pyrimidine synthesis, which accounts for its efficacy in the therapy of cancer as well as for some of its toxicities.

How does methotrexate reduce folic acid?

Methotrexate interferes with the way your body breaks down folate. When you take methotrexate, you can develop low levels of folate. This is because methotrexate causes your body to get rid of more folate as waste than usual. This effect causes folate deficiency.

What is half-life of methotrexate?

Half-Life – The terminal half-life reported for methotrexate is approximately three to ten hours for patients receiving treatment for psoriasis, or rheumatoid arthritis or low dose antineoplastic therapy (less than 30 mg/m2).

How do I know if methotrexate is working?

It usually takes three to six weeks after starting methotrexate to see improvement. It may take as long as 12 weeks to feel the maximum effect….Common symptoms include:

  1. Fatigue.
  2. Joint pain, swelling and tenderness.
  3. Joint stiffness (usually worse in the morning, but improves with activity)
  4. Fever.
  5. Weakness.
  6. Weight loss.

What are the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate?

These processes are differentially saturable, resulting in possible nonlinear elimination pharmacokinetics. The usually reported mean values for the elimination half-life and the total body clearance of methotrexate are 5 to 8 hours and 4.8 to 7.8 L/h, respectively.

What is the mechanism of action of folic acid?

An exogenous source of folate is required for nucleoprotein synthesis and the maintenance of normal erythropoiesis. Folic acid, whether given by mouth or parenterally, stimulates the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in persons suffering from certain megaloblastic anemias.

Can methotrexate cause B12 deficiency?

In a small but extensive study, vitamin B12 deficiency was discovered in 29% of RA patients but Schilling tests were normal in 80% [21]. Our patient had macrocytic indices which had developed during MTX treatment as often occurs due to impaired nucleic acid metabolism.

Can I take vitamin C with methotrexate?

No interactions were found between methotrexate and Vitamin C.

What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate?

Because of methotrexate’s well-documented efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, it is important that we understand the mechanism of action of this drug. There are two biochemical mechanisms by which methotrexate may modulate inflammation: (1) promotion of adenosine release and (2) inhibition of transmethylation reactions.

How fast is methotrexate absorbed through the body?

In adults, oral absorption of methotrexate appears to be dose dependent. Peak serum levels are reached within one to two hours. At doses of 30 mg/sq m or less, methotrexate is generally well absorbed with a mean bioavailability of about 60%. The absorption of doses greater than 80 mg/sq m is significantly less, possibly due to a saturation effect.

What is normal methotrexate elimination level?

Normal methotrexate elimination (serum methotrexate level ~10 micromolar at 24 hours after administration, 1 micromolar at 48 hours, and <0.2 micromolar at 72 hours): Leucovorin calcium 15 mg (oral, IM, or IV) every 6 hours for 60 hours (10 doses) beginning 24 hours after the start of methotrexate infusion

What is the bioavailability of methotrexate?

At doses of 30 mg/sq m or less, methotrexate is generally well absorbed with a mean bioavailability of about 60%. The absorption of doses greater than 80 mg/sq m is significantly less, possibly due to a saturation effect.