What is the process of making iron and steel?
In the primary steelmaking step, liquid iron is converted into steel by the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process, or by melting scrap steel or direct reduced iron (DRI) in an electric arc furnace. Secondary steelmaking is a refining process in which alloying metals are added and impurities are removed.
How do they shape steel?
Create curves in the steel by using a hammer and form or a mechanical roller machine if you have one. A roller machine clamps the metal between a hard metal form, usually a humped shape, and a heavy duty roller. Rolling the sheet back and forth by hand curves and thins the metal as you guide it into the shape you want.
What are the 4 methods of steel production?
In the steel production, following stages are identified: production of pig iron; production of liquid steel; hot rolling and cold rolling; applying a metallic and/or organic coating.
How can you make iron?
First, you can melt it, mix it with slag and hammer it out to eliminate most of the carbon (down to 0.3 percent) and create strong, malleable wrought iron. The second option is to melt the pig iron and combine it with scrap iron, smelt out impurities and add alloys to form cast iron.
How do you shape iron?
Place the wrought iron on an anvil and hit the unheated end with a 4-pound blacksmith hammer to bend angles and turns. Place specialized forms over the anvil to create other shapes and bends when striking hot wrought iron with a blacksmith hammer.
What are the three basic steel making processes?
Of the three major steelmaking processes—basic oxygen, open hearth, and electric arc—the first two, with few exceptions, use liquid blast-furnace iron and scrap as raw material and the latter uses a solid charge of scrap and DRI.
What are the 5 ways of making steel?
In HIsarna, iron ore is processed immediately into hot metal….Manufacturing and Finishing
- shaping (cold rolling methods)
- machining (eg: drilling)
- joining (by means of welding)
- coating – galvanising with zinc, or cold coating and electro coating.
- heat treatment (usually tempering)
- surface treatment (carburising).
What are the 3 processes for making steel?
How is steel made today?
At the most basic, steel is made by mixing carbon and iron at very high temperatures (above 2600°F). Primary steelmaking creates steel from a product called “pig iron.” Pig iron is smelted iron, from ore, which contains more carbon than is correct for steel.
What is the integrated manufacturing process for iron and steel?
The figure shows a flowchart of the integrated manufacturing process for iron and steel using the blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace (denoted BF and BOF hereinafter, respectively), which is presently the most commonly used method (51% of world steel production).
What is the process of making steel?
There are two process routes for making steel today: the electric arc furnace and the basic oxygen converter. The latter requires a charge of molten iron, which is produced in blast furnaces.
How is liquid iron converted to steel?
In the primary steelmaking step, liquid iron is converted into steel by the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process, or by melting scrap steel or direct reduced iron (DRI) in an electric arc furnace.
What is the Bf-BOF process for iron and steel?
The smelting and refining process for iron and steel in the BF-BOF process involves the carbon reduction of iron ore (Fe2O3) in the BF to make molten iron, and decarburization of molten iron in the BOF to make molten steel.