What muscles does CN 12 innervate?
The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is exclusively a motor nerve carrying general somatic efferent fibers (GSE). It innervates all intrinsic and almost all extrinsic muscles of the tongue, as well as one suprahyoid muscle, the geniohyoid muscle.
How do you assess CN XII?
The 12th CN is tested by having the patient stick out their tongue and move it side to side. Further strength testing can be done by having the patient push the tongue against a tongue blade. Inspect the tongue for atrophy and fasciculations.
What happens when left hypoglossal nerve is damaged?
Damage to the hypoglossal nerve causes paralysis of the tongue. Usually, one side of the tongue is affected, and when the person sticks out his or her tongue, it deviates or points toward the side that is damaged.
What does vagus nerve do?
The vagus nerve, also known as the vagal nerves, are the main nerves of your parasympathetic nervous system. This system controls specific body functions such as your digestion, heart rate and immune system. These functions are involuntary, meaning you can’t consciously control them.
What nerve controls speech?
Hypoglossal nerve This nerve controls the movement of the tongue which is important for speech and swallowing.
What is 12th cranial nerve palsy?
Disorders of the 12th cranial nerve (hypoglossal nerve) cause weakness or wasting (atrophy) of the tongue on the affected side. This nerve moves the tongue. Hypoglossal nerve disorders may be caused by tumors, strokes, infections, injuries, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
What is the normal function of the hypoglossal nerve XII?
Hypoglossal nerves (XII) is only motor, controlling tongue movements. These nerves originate in the motor nuclei of the medulla, passing through the hypoglossal canals of the occipital bone, to reach the tongue muscles.
What causes hypoglossal nerve palsy?
1 Numerous causes of isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy have been described. Intracranial neoplasms, skull base neoplasms, and vertebral trauma have classically been reported as the most frequent causes, accounting for up to 50% of cases.
Which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the hypoglossal nerve?
Symptoms of Hypoglossal Nerve Disorders As a result, people have difficulty speaking, chewing, and swallowing. Damage due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis causes tiny, subtle twitching movements (fasciculations) on the surface of the tongue.
Which of the following are symptoms of hypoglossal nerve damage?
These may include:
- Difficulty speaking (aphasia) or swallowing (dysphagia).
- Lack of sensation.
- Muscle weakness.
- Pain or a burning sensation.
- Uncoordinated movement.
What is the course of the hypoglossal nerve?
The hypoglossal nerve’s course starts from the hypoglossal nuclei pair in the lower medulla. The two nerves travel laterally and ventrally from the respective nucleus. The nerve splits in two before exiting the medulla and passes through the hypoglossal canal in the occipital bone of the skull.
What are the nerves in the hand?
Before we begin to describe various nerves in the hand, you should have a general knowledge regarding peripheral nerves. Peripheral nerves are those nerves that have the ability to transmit impulses along their length. They are known to transmit impulses to and from the CNS. Now let us see all the nerves in hand in details.
Where does the hypoglossal nerve pick up a meningeal branch?
After emerging from the hypoglossal canal, the hypoglossal nerve gives off a meningeal branch and picks up a branch from the anterior ramus of C1.