In some occasions, you will have to write an essay in the extremely short amount of time on the exam in college or high school. Also, you may be a little bit of a procrastinator, and find yourself in a situation when the paper is due tomorrow morning, and you have not even chosen the topic yet. Even though a last-minute essay cannot look as great as a work prepared successively and carefully within the whole time given, you still have a chance to submit a decent paper. The working process will require your full attention and a lot of effort, even if you are assigned a simple essay. However, if you learn the next few tips, the essay writing will seem significantly easier and feasible even when you are short on time.

Firstly, clean up your working space to get started. Make sure you have everything you need on the table, take a pen, a few sticky notes, your laptop, and read through the assignment requirements. In case no prompt is given, search for good essay topics, and pick a few uncommon and interesting ones you will be able to write about. Making a final choice, think which topic is the most relevant to your current studies and will not take too much to research.

Afterwards, look for the most trustworthy sources or the ones you are certainly allowed to use. If you are not sure, access the online library or any free services where you can look for the books and articles for your essay. Use sticky notes to write down the information and put them in front of you to see how much data has been gathered and if you need to continue researching. Reread these notes from time to time and cross out the info you do not find relevant anymore.

When you have the data you need to produce a quality work, it is crucial to think about the structure of the future paper. If you are not sure how to write an essay outline properly, check what your essay type is first. Each type is organized differently, so you need to look up the structure every time you are given an essay homework. You can also search for an example of the essay on your topic, and adhere to its outline. No matter what kind of essay you are going to write, it is important to start with a thesis statement. It should declare what problem you will review in the paper, and which facts or arguments you will use to do it professionally. As these arguments will be discussed in the main part of the essay, outline the body paragraphs and put down a few sentences with the rough description of each paragraph. Think of the way you will engage the reader in the introduction, and which thought will be conclusive for the paper. When the direction of the work is clear from the outline, use it to draft the first version of the essay.

If you are not used to model essay writing, do not worry - your draft should not necessarily look like a masterpiece. It is only the depiction of your thoughts, and as you will have them written down, it will be easier to create a good essay. There is no best way to write an essay, so trust the working methods you usually use. You may like taking short breaks once in a few minutes, or write everything in one sit - just make sure to keep the focus on writing and avoid the urge to call a friend or watch something online. Thus, you will finish the paper faster, and will not feel guilty for engaging in other activities afterwards.

Do not forget to go through the essay a few times after the completion. Everyone makes typos and mistakes by accident, but it is about you to find and fix them before your teacher does. If you need help with an essay editing, try asking a friend or a family member to read and analyze your work. Also, you can order editing services in case your paper needs to be perfectly polished so that you can submit an ideal essay and get an excellent grade.

As these steps are simple to follow, you will not have any problems coping with an essay on time. Try the whole procedure at least once, and you will not have to use any other tips preparing an essay paper during your studies!

Where is OSPF reference bandwidth?

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) uses “Cost” as the value of metric and uses a Reference Bandwidth of 100 Mbps for cost calculation. The formula to calculate the cost is Reference Bandwidth divided by interface bandwidth. For example, in the case of 10 Mbps Ethernet , OSPF Metric Cost value is 100 Mbps / 10 Mbps = 10.

What is the OSPF default reference bandwidth?

100Mbps
The reference bandwidth is a value in Mbps that we can set ourselves. By default this is 100Mbps on Cisco IOS routers.

What default reference bandwidth does OSPF use when calculating the metric?

100 Mbps
The default reference bandwidth of 100 Mbps is used for OSPF cost calculation.

How is auto cost reference bandwidth calculated?

The reference bandwidth specified in this example results in the following costs:

  1. 10 Mbps port’s cost = 500/10 = 50.
  2. 100 Mbps port’s cost = 500/100 = 5.
  3. 1000 Mbps port’s cost = 500/1000 = 0.5, which is rounded up to 1.
  4. 155 Mbps port cost = 500/155 = 3.23, which is rounded up to 4.

What is bandwidth command in Cisco router?

The bandwidth command sets an informational parameter to communicate the current bandwidth to the higher-level protocols. IGRP uses the minimum path bandwidth to determine a routing metric. The TCP protocol adjusts initial retransmission parameters based on the apparent bandwidth of the outgoing interface.

Why would you want to change the OSPF default reference bandwidth?

By default, the reference bandwidth is 100 Mbps. However, if you have faster links in your network, such as gigabit Ethernet or OC-3 connections, OSPF can’t give these links a better cost than 1. So you should set the reference bandwidth to at least as high as the fastest link in your network.

What is auto cost reference bandwidth?

OSPF calculates the cost of a route as the ratio of the reference bandwidth to the bandwidth of the egress interface. An increase in the reference bandwidth results in an increased cost. If the resulting cost is less than 1, the software rounds the cost up to 1.

How do I configure reference bandwidth?

To adjust the reference bandwidth, use the auto-cost reference-bandwidth Mb/s router configuration command. This command must be configured on every router in the OSPF domain. Notice that the value is expressed in Mb/s; therefore, to adjust the costs for: Gigabit Ethernet – auto-cost reference-bandwidth 1000.

What is the OSPF cost for a T 1 link bandwidth 1.544 Mbps given the reference bandwidth of 100mbps?

We divide 100 by 100 and that gives us a cost of 1. On a serial interface, like a T1 in that example here, the bandwidth is 1.544 Mbps. That will default to a cost of 64 because a hundred divided by 1.544 is 64.

How do I check the bandwidth of my router?

How to Monitor Bandwidth Usage on Your Wireless Router

  1. Log into your wireless router’s configuration utility.
  2. Open the “Advanced” section, then click the “Traffic Meter,” “Bandwidth Usage,” “Network Monitor” or other similarly named link.

What is the purpose of the bandwidth command?

How do I advertise a loopback in OSPF?

Unlike RIP/EIGRP, OSPF has a special way to advertise loopback interfaces. In OSPF, the route information of the loopback interface is advertised as the host route with subnet mask /32. For example, configure IP address 10.0. 0.2/24 for Loopback0 on R2 in the following figure, and advertise it with OSPF.

What is the best reference bandwidth for OSPF?

The default reference bandwidth used to calculate the OSPF metric can be changed to reflect today’s modern networks in which case a 100Gbps reference bandwidth is a good estimate or perhaps you wish to future proof your network as many corporations do and use a reference bandwidth of 1Tbps.

When should I use the distance OSPF command?

A common reason to use the distance ospf command is when you have multiple OSPF processes with mutual redistribution, and you want to prefer internal routes from one over external routes from the other. Release 12.2 (33)SRB

What is the OSPF command in Cisco IOS?

This command was introduced. This command was integrated into Cisco IOS XE Release 3.4S. You must configure the router ospf command before you can configure the fast-reroute tie-break command. You can use the show ip ospf fast-reroute command to display the default, or the current, tiebreak configuration.

What is the default reference BW for OSPF?

The default reference BW is 100 Mbps. So with default BW Ref value all links with speed > = 100 Mbps are considered equal with OSPF cost 1. This is also the reason for changing the reference value.