What are 3 types of hyponatremia?

Hypovolemic hyponatremia: decrease in total body water with greater decrease in total body sodium. Euvolemic hyponatremia: normal body sodium with increase in total body water. Hypervolemic hyponatremia: increase in total body sodium with greater increase in total body water.

What is Dilutional hyponatremia?

Dilutional hyponatremia, also known as water intoxication, is a potentially life-threatening condition which occurs when a person consumes too much water without an adequate intake of electrolytes.

Why is there hyponatremia in Legionella?

Kirby and associates (1) on legionnaires’ disease mentions hyponatremia as a common laboratory finding in their 24 patients with Legionnaires’ disease. They attribute this to possible inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone secondary to bacterial pneumonia.

What are the causes of Pseudohyponatremia?

The most common cause of pseudohyponatremia is due to severely elevated levels of cholesterol….Etiology

• Hypertriglyceridemia.
• Hyperlipidemia.
• Lipoprotein X accumulation (typically secondary to biliary obstruction or cholestasis such as primary biliary cirrhosis)
• Familial hypercholesterolemia.

Which organ is most affected by hyponatremia?

Hyponatremia occurs when your blood sodium level goes below 135 mEq/L. When the sodium level in your blood is too low, extra water goes into your cells and makes them swell. This swelling can be dangerous especially in the brain, since the brain cannot expand past the skull.

What is a critical sodium level?

In many hospital laboratories 160 mEq/L is chosen as the upper critical value. The evidence of this study suggests that sodium in the range of 155-160 mEq/L is associated with high risk of death and that 155 mEq/L rather than 160 mEq/L might be more suitable as the upper critical level.

What is hypervolemic hyponatremia?

Hypervolemic hyponatremia is characterized by a pronounced deficit of free water excretion and leads to inappropriate water retention in comparison with the sodium concentration. This imbalance results in an expanded extracellular volume and dilutional hyponatremia.

What is the most common cause of hyponatremia?

Hyponatremia is decrease in serum sodium concentration < 136 mEq/L (< 136 mmol/L) caused by an excess of water relative to solute. Common causes include diuretic use, diarrhea, heart failure, liver disease, renal disease, and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).

Does Legionella pneumonia cause hyponatremia?

Legionella patients had higher rates of hyponatremia (sodium <130 mmol/l) (43% vs. 8%, P < 0.01), but similar median CT-ProVasopressin levels (pmol/l) (20 (12 to 26) vs. 26 (13 to 53), P = 0.89) compared to pneumonia of other etiology.

How does pneumonia cause hyponatremia?

Hyponatremia is relatively common in patients admitted with pneumonia, and it is associated with higher disease severity. The precise mechanism is incompletely understood, but the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion is felt to play a significant role.

Can pseudohyponatremia cause seizures?

Severe and rapidly evolving hyponatremia may cause seizures, which are usually generalized tonic-clonic, and generally occur if the plasma sodium concentration rapidly decreases to <115 mEq/L.

What are the warning signs of hyponatremia?

Hyponatremia signs and symptoms may include:

• Nausea and vomiting.
• Headache.
• Confusion.
• Loss of energy, drowsiness and fatigue.
• Restlessness and irritability.
• Muscle weakness, spasms or cramps.
• Seizures.
• Coma.