What are the hormones that control seed germination?
Among the different plant hormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) are considered as major players in the regulation of dormancy and germination; ABA regulates dormancy induction and maintenance positively while GA promotes seed germination (Kucera et al., 2005; Finkelstein et al., 2008).
Is seed germination controlled by hormone signaling?
ABA is the only hormone known to induce, regulate, and maintain the primary seed dormancy.
What is hormonal control in plants?
Plant hormones (or phytohormones) are signal molecules, produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. Plant hormones control all aspects of plant growth and development, from embryogenesis, the regulation of organ size, pathogen defense, stress tolerance and through to reproductive development.
What roles does hormones play in seed production?
Among the most important functions of plant hormones is controlling and coordinating cell division, growth and differen- tiation (Hooley, 1994). Plant hormones can affect different plant activities including seed dormancy and germination (Graeber et al., 2012).
Which hormone promotes seed germination and inhibits dormancy?
Auxin promotes dormancy and inhibits germination by enhancing ABA action, thereby adding another protective level of control in the regulation of seed dormancy.
How are gibberellins involved in seed germination?
Bioactive gibberellins (GAs) promote seed germination in a number of plant species. In dicots, such as tomato and Arabidopsis, de novo GA biosynthesis after seed imbibition is essential for germination. Light is a crucial environmental cue determining seed germination in some species.
Which hormones control the growth of plants?
Plant hormones (also known as phytohormones) are organic substances that regulate plant growth and development. Plants produce a wide variety of hormones, including auxins, gibberellins (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins (CK), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), jasmonates (JA), brassinosteroids (BR), and peptides.
What are the 5 types of plant hormones?
There are five groups of plant-growth-regulating compounds: auxin, gibberellin (GA), cytokinin, ethylene, and abscisic acid (ABA). For the most part, each group contains both naturally occurring hormones and synthetic substances.
What is the interaction of light and plant hormone during seed dormancy and germination?
Seed dormancy and germination are precisely regulated by diverse endogenous hormones and light signals. Light cues regulate seed dormancy and germination by affecting abscisic acid/gibberellic acid biosynthesis and signals.
Which hormone is also known as growth hormone?
The pituitary gland is a structure in our brain that produces different types of specialised hormones, including growth hormone (also referred to as human growth hormone or HGH).
Does auxin promote seed germination?
Auxin is one of the classic phytohormones effective during tropism growth and tissue differentiation. Recent studies, however, show that auxin possesses positive effects on seed dormancy, which suggests that auxin is the second phytohormone that induces seed dormancy, besides ABA.
What is the role of cytokinin?
Cytokinins promote cell division and increase cell expansion during the proliferation and expansion stages of leaf cell development, respectively. During leaf senescence, cytokinins reduce sugar accumulation, increase chlorophyll synthesis, and prolong the leaf photosynthetic period.