What is a major complication associated with PEEP?
Pulmonary barotrauma is a frequent complication of PEEP therapy. Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and interstitial emphysema may lead to rapid deterioration of a patient maintained on mechanical ventilation with an already compromised respiratory status.
Does PEEP help with respiratory acidosis?
Respiratory rate was similar with the low PEEP and high PEEP/low rate strategies. With the two high PEEP strategies, hypercapnia and acidosis were more pronounced, and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly improved, compared to the low PEEP strategy.
What is a contraindication for PEEP?
Con- versely, PEEP would be contraindicated in conditions involving normal oxygenation, hyperexpansion of the lungs, and a low car- diac output.
What happens if PEEP is too high?
If positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) is improperly used, it may have negative effects on blood dynamics and oxygen metabolism in elderly hypertensive patients, and may even cause multiple organ dysfunction and death [12].
Can high PEEP cause bradycardia?
The subsequent increase in heart rate with increasing PEEP demonstrated a clear causal relationship between the PEEP change and the bradycardia.
How does PEEP improve oxygenation?
So PEEP: Reduces trauma to the alveoli. Improves oxygenation by ‘recruiting’ otherwise closed alveoli, thereby increasing the surface area for gas exchange. Increases the functional residual capacity- the reserve in the patients lungs between breaths which will also help improve oxygenation.
When should PEEP be used?
PEEP therapy can be effective when used in patients with a diffuse lung disease that results in an acute decrease in functional residual capacity (FRC), which is the volume of gas that remains in the lung at the end of a normal expiration.
What causes high PEEP?
Factors leading to auto-PEEP High tidal volume ventilation, where the tidal volume may be too high to be exhaled in a set amount of time, so air is retained by the time the next breath is delivered. The high respiratory rate is generating a short exhalation time.
What is the maximum PEEP?
PEEP of 29 appears to be the highest tolerated PEEP in our patient. We noted an initial rise in blood flow across all cardiac valves followed by a gradual decline. Studies are needed to investigate the immediate effect and long-term impact of PEEP on cardiopulmonary parameters and clinical outcomes.
Does high PEEP cause bradycardia?
How does PEEP cause decreased cardiac output?
PEEP causes an increase in intrathoracic pressure (ITP) and a right shift in the cardiac function curve. If there were no change in the VR curve, then CO and VR would decrease (from point A to point B).
Can high PEEP cause atelectasis?
The application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has been tested in several studies. On the average, arterial oxygenation does not improve markedly, and atelectasis may persist. Further, reopened lung units re-collapse rapidly after discontinuation of PEEP.