In some occasions, you will have to write an essay in the extremely short amount of time on the exam in college or high school. Also, you may be a little bit of a procrastinator, and find yourself in a situation when the paper is due tomorrow morning, and you have not even chosen the topic yet. Even though a last-minute essay cannot look as great as a work prepared successively and carefully within the whole time given, you still have a chance to submit a decent paper. The working process will require your full attention and a lot of effort, even if you are assigned a simple essay. However, if you learn the next few tips, the essay writing will seem significantly easier and feasible even when you are short on time.

Firstly, clean up your working space to get started. Make sure you have everything you need on the table, take a pen, a few sticky notes, your laptop, and read through the assignment requirements. In case no prompt is given, search for good essay topics, and pick a few uncommon and interesting ones you will be able to write about. Making a final choice, think which topic is the most relevant to your current studies and will not take too much to research.

Afterwards, look for the most trustworthy sources or the ones you are certainly allowed to use. If you are not sure, access the online library or any free services where you can look for the books and articles for your essay. Use sticky notes to write down the information and put them in front of you to see how much data has been gathered and if you need to continue researching. Reread these notes from time to time and cross out the info you do not find relevant anymore.

When you have the data you need to produce a quality work, it is crucial to think about the structure of the future paper. If you are not sure how to write an essay outline properly, check what your essay type is first. Each type is organized differently, so you need to look up the structure every time you are given an essay homework. You can also search for an example of the essay on your topic, and adhere to its outline. No matter what kind of essay you are going to write, it is important to start with a thesis statement. It should declare what problem you will review in the paper, and which facts or arguments you will use to do it professionally. As these arguments will be discussed in the main part of the essay, outline the body paragraphs and put down a few sentences with the rough description of each paragraph. Think of the way you will engage the reader in the introduction, and which thought will be conclusive for the paper. When the direction of the work is clear from the outline, use it to draft the first version of the essay.

If you are not used to model essay writing, do not worry - your draft should not necessarily look like a masterpiece. It is only the depiction of your thoughts, and as you will have them written down, it will be easier to create a good essay. There is no best way to write an essay, so trust the working methods you usually use. You may like taking short breaks once in a few minutes, or write everything in one sit - just make sure to keep the focus on writing and avoid the urge to call a friend or watch something online. Thus, you will finish the paper faster, and will not feel guilty for engaging in other activities afterwards.

Do not forget to go through the essay a few times after the completion. Everyone makes typos and mistakes by accident, but it is about you to find and fix them before your teacher does. If you need help with an essay editing, try asking a friend or a family member to read and analyze your work. Also, you can order editing services in case your paper needs to be perfectly polished so that you can submit an ideal essay and get an excellent grade.

As these steps are simple to follow, you will not have any problems coping with an essay on time. Try the whole procedure at least once, and you will not have to use any other tips preparing an essay paper during your studies!

Why cardiac glycosides are toxic?

Mechanism of action and toxicity Cardiac glycosides inhibit the Na+‐K+‐ATPase on cardiac and other tissues, causing intracellular retention of Na+, followed by increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations through the effect of the Na+‐Ca2+ exchanger.

What are the toxic effects of digoxin?

The clinical features of toxicity are often non-specific. They commonly include lethargy, confusion and gastrointestinal symptoms (anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain). Visual effects (blurred vision, colour disturbances, haloes and scotomas) are rarer in contemporary practice.

What is the effect of cardiac glycosides?

Cardiac glycosides are a class of organic compounds that increase the output force of the heart and decrease its rate of contractions by inhibiting the cellular sodium-potassium ATPase pump.

What toxicity is digitalis glycosides?

Digitalis glycosides have a narrow therapeutic index, and toxicity is mostly dose-related. Gastrointestinal disturbances: anorexia, nausea and vomiting (largely a central effect at the chemoreceptor trigger zone), and diarrhoea.

What is cardiac toxicity?

Cardiotoxicity is a condition when there is damage to the heart muscle. As a result of cardiotoxicity, your heart may not be able to pump blood throughout your body as well. This may be due to chemotherapy drugs, or other medications you may be taking to control your disease.

In which conditions the cardiac glycosides are contraindicated?

Cardiac disease Cardiac glycosides are contraindicated in conditions in which there is obstruction to ventricular outflow, for example hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis, and cardiac tamponade. Acute myocarditis may also increase the risk of toxicity.

How does digoxin toxicity cause tachycardia?

Overall, digoxin slows the conduction and increases the refractory period in cardiac tissue by enhancing vagal tone. These actions of digoxin can result in almost every type of arrhythmia possible such as: Extrasystole. Nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia.

How does digoxin toxicity affect potassium?

(1) Digoxin inhibits the cardiac Na/K antiporter (orange oval, above). This causes an increase in intracellular sodium and a decrease in intracellular potassium. The decrease in intracellular potassium is what causes hyperkalemia in patients with digoxin overdose.

What causes digitalis toxicity?

Digitalis toxicity can be caused by high levels of digitalis in the body. A lower tolerance to the drug can also cause digitalis toxicity. People with lower tolerance may have a normal level of digitalis in their blood. They may develop digitalis toxicity if they have other risk factors.

What do cardiac glycosides inhibit?

Cardiac glycosides are a family of steroids that bind and inhibit the Na+,K+-ATPase with high selectivity and affinity. Traditionally, these substances were extracted from plants such as Digitalis purpurea or foxglove (digitalis), Strophanthus gratus (ouabain) or amphibian skin (Bufo marinus-bufalin, marinobufagenin).

What are cardiac glycosides called?

Cardiac glycosides are a class of medications commonly derived from foxglove plants, such as Digitalis lanata and Digitalis purpurea. The most commonly prescribed cardiac glycoside is digoxin.

What drugs cause cardiotoxicity?

The most common chemotherapy drugs related to cardio-toxicity include:

  • 5-fluorouracil (Adrucil)
  • Paclitaxel (Taxol)
  • Anthracyclines (a class of drugs)
  • Targeted therapies: such as monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
  • Some Leukemia drugs.